1 00:00:07,700 --> 00:00:12,789 >> EFPTOZL. 2 00:00:12,789 --> 00:00:13,789 >> WHAT ARE YOU UP TO? 3 00:00:13,789 --> 00:00:16,320 >> I AM TESTING MY EYESIGHT. 4 00:00:16,320 --> 00:00:17,320 >> WHY? 5 00:00:17,320 --> 00:00:20,720 >> WELL, THE HUMAN EYE IS SOMETHING THAT NASA KEEPS AN EYE 6 00:00:20,720 --> 00:00:21,720 ON. 7 00:00:21,720 --> 00:00:23,780 >> I SEE WHAT YOU DID. 8 00:00:23,780 --> 00:00:27,560 >> SINCE THE EARLY DAYS JOHN GLEN WAS THE FIRST TO ORBIT THE 9 00:00:27,560 --> 00:00:32,820 EARTH AND IN HIS CAPSULE HE HAD EYE CHARTS AND HE WOULD HAVE TO 10 00:00:32,820 --> 00:00:33,820 TEST HIS EYESIGHT. 11 00:00:33,820 --> 00:00:38,540 WHAT THEY ARE FINDING TODAY IS ASTRONAUTS SOME OF THEM, WHO 12 00:00:38,540 --> 00:00:42,910 SPEND MORE THAN SIX MONTH IN SPACE SOME OF THEIR ICE CHANGE 13 00:00:42,910 --> 00:00:44,710 SHAPE. 14 00:00:44,710 --> 00:00:47,870 NASA IS STUDYING THIS TO SEE IF TELL AFFECT LONG-TERM SPACE 15 00:00:47,870 --> 00:00:48,870 FLIGHT. 16 00:00:48,870 --> 00:00:50,670 >> CAN I TRY? 17 00:00:50,670 --> 00:00:51,670 >> SURE. 18 00:00:51,670 --> 00:01:04,140 TRY LINE A. >> THIS IS "STEM IN 30" THAT'S, 19 00:01:04,140 --> 00:01:08,080 OH ! THIS IS "STEM IN 30" 20 00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:09,630 >> I'M READY TO BE AN ASTRONAUT. 21 00:01:09,630 --> 00:01:12,869 >> WELL IS MORE TO IT, HAVE A SEAT. 22 00:01:12,869 --> 00:01:18,579 SOMETIMES AS AN ASTRONAUT, YOU HAVE TO DRAW YOUR OWN BLOOD. 23 00:01:18,579 --> 00:01:28,399 >> I'M†-- NOT SUCH A BIG FAN OF†-- 24 00:01:28,399 --> 00:01:30,079 >> YOU WANT TO BE AN ASTRONAUT? 25 00:01:32,520 --> 00:01:31,299 MARTY? 26 00:01:32,520 --> 00:01:37,360 OKAY, SHOW ME. 27 00:01:37,360 --> 00:02:01,489 [MUSIC] THIS IS "STEM IN 30" HI. 28 00:02:01,489 --> 00:02:08,379 I'M MARTY. 29 00:02:08,379 --> 00:02:20,750 >> I'M BETH WE'RE LIVE TODAY FROM THE MOVING BEYOND EARTH 30 00:02:20,750 --> 00:02:25,090 GALLERY AT THE NATIONAL AARON SPACE MUSEUM IN WASHINGTON, D.C. 31 00:02:25,090 --> 00:02:28,970 >> WELCOME OUR ONLINE VIEWERS AND THOSE WATCHING ON TV AND YOU 32 00:02:28,970 --> 00:02:32,820 CAN SUBMIT QUESTIONS TODAY AND SOME WE WILL USE ON THE SHOW. 33 00:02:32,820 --> 00:02:35,330 IF YOU LOOK ON THIS SIDE OF THE SCREEN YOU WILL SEE A BOX WHERE 34 00:02:35,330 --> 00:02:40,260 YOU CAN SUBMIT QUESTIONS AND WE HAVE ADDITIONAL CONTENT WE ADD 35 00:02:40,260 --> 00:02:43,860 OVER THERE INCLUDING IMAGES AND PICTURES THAT REALLY SUPPLEMENT 36 00:02:43,860 --> 00:02:45,120 THE SHOW. 37 00:02:45,120 --> 00:02:48,370 >> NOW†-- WE HAVE A VERY LARGE AUDIENCE TODAY. 38 00:02:48,370 --> 00:02:53,310 WE HAVE STUDENTS FROM SCHOOLS IN MARYLAND, VIRGINIA AND DC. 39 00:02:53,310 --> 00:02:55,640 WE ARE SO GLAD YOU ARE ALL HERE. 40 00:02:55,640 --> 00:02:59,910 AND MARTY, IF YOU WILL GATHER THE AUDIENCE THERE IS SOMEONE†-- 41 00:02:59,910 --> 00:03:04,160 >> ONE THAT DOES NOT QUITE LOOK LIKE THEY ARE A MIDDLE SCHOOL 42 00:03:04,160 --> 00:03:05,160 STUDENT. 43 00:03:05,160 --> 00:03:06,629 WHAT'S GOING ON THERE? 44 00:03:06,629 --> 00:03:09,680 >> TODAY WE HAVE A SPECIAL GUEST WE HAVE NASA ASTRONAUT 45 00:03:09,680 --> 00:03:11,640 ANNA FISHER WITH US. 46 00:03:11,640 --> 00:03:16,000 THANK YOU FOR BEING WITH US. 47 00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:19,750 ARE YOU READY TO TAKE QUESTIONS? 48 00:03:19,750 --> 00:03:21,530 >> I'M READY, BETH. 49 00:03:21,530 --> 00:03:23,900 >> YOU HAVE A QUESTION. 50 00:03:23,900 --> 00:03:26,610 Q: HOW DID YOU FEEL WHEN YOU LEFT EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE AND SAW 51 00:03:26,610 --> 00:03:29,850 SPACE FOR THE FIRST TIME IN YOUR OWN EYES. 52 00:03:29,850 --> 00:03:33,050 A: THAT WAS AN AMAZING EXPERIENCE. 53 00:03:33,050 --> 00:03:39,650 LAUNCHING AND GOING TO 7, 500 MILES PER HOUR IN EIGHT AND A 54 00:03:39,650 --> 00:03:42,760 HALF MINUTES IS QUITE A RIDE. 55 00:03:42,760 --> 00:03:46,850 THAT WAS JUST FUN THEN ONCE YOU GET UP ON ORBIT AND LOOK AT THE 56 00:03:46,850 --> 00:03:51,740 BEAUTIFUL PLAN END OF OURS AND YOU FLOAT T. IS THE MOST AMAZING 57 00:03:51,740 --> 00:03:54,510 FEELING YOU COULD IMAGINE. 58 00:03:54,510 --> 00:03:57,010 LET'S SEE CAROLINE? 59 00:03:57,010 --> 00:04:00,030 Q: NUTRITIONAL NEEDS DIFFERENT IN SPACE? 60 00:04:00,030 --> 00:04:04,011 A: YOU KNOW THE NUTRITIONAL NEEDS IN SPACE ARE NOT DIFFERENT 61 00:04:04,011 --> 00:04:06,090 FROM ON THE GROUND. 62 00:04:06,090 --> 00:04:09,600 THE FOOD THAT WE FLY ON BOARD THE SHUTTLE AND ON BOARD SPACE 63 00:04:09,600 --> 00:04:12,760 STATION AND PRETTY MUCH ANY SPACE VEHICLE IS LIKE BACK 64 00:04:12,760 --> 00:04:13,760 PACKING FOOD. 65 00:04:13,760 --> 00:04:16,470 IF YOU BACK PACK OR CAMP? 66 00:04:16,470 --> 00:04:18,590 AND IT IS REALLY GOOD. 67 00:04:18,590 --> 00:04:23,939 WE HAVE TO BE CAREFUL ABOUT SALT INTAKE ON ORBIT SO THAT†-- IT 68 00:04:23,939 --> 00:04:27,130 DOES NOT AFFECT YOUR METABOLISM. 69 00:04:27,130 --> 00:04:30,969 AND THE OTHER THING THAT HAPPENS IN SPACE FOR A LONG TIME IS YOU 70 00:04:30,969 --> 00:04:32,400 LOSE YOUR TASTE FOR THINGS. 71 00:04:32,400 --> 00:04:34,810 PEOPLE WANT IT TO BE SPICY. 72 00:04:34,810 --> 00:04:39,830 IN TERMS OF NUTRITIONAL NEEDS, IT IS NOT THAT DIFFERENT THAN 73 00:04:39,830 --> 00:04:41,560 HERE ON THE GROUND. 74 00:04:41,560 --> 00:04:43,060 Q: OKAY. 75 00:04:43,060 --> 00:04:44,330 >> YOU HAVE A QUESTION? 76 00:04:44,330 --> 00:04:47,441 Q: WHAT IS IN THE GREATEST SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES THAT HAVE 77 00:04:47,441 --> 00:04:50,650 BEEN FOUND BY EXPERIMENTING IN SPACE? 78 00:04:50,650 --> 00:04:54,110 A: WE FOUND A LOT OF THINGS SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE SPACE 79 00:04:54,110 --> 00:04:55,110 PROGRAM. 80 00:04:55,110 --> 00:04:59,939 MANY THINGS WE TAKE FOR GRANTED THE MINIATURIZATION OF 81 00:04:59,939 --> 00:05:01,680 COMPUTERS. 82 00:05:01,680 --> 00:05:06,279 HAVING TELEMETRY LIKE THE PARAMEDICS WHEN THEY PICK UP 83 00:05:06,279 --> 00:05:11,569 PEOPLE AND ON BOARD SPACE STATION, WE DO HUNDREDS OF 84 00:05:11,569 --> 00:05:12,569 EXPERIMENTS. 85 00:05:12,569 --> 00:05:15,710 LEARN TO GROW PROTEINS IN SPACE. 86 00:05:15,710 --> 00:05:19,229 LEARNING HOW FLAMES PROPAGATE IN SPACE. 87 00:05:19,229 --> 00:05:24,400 STUDYING HOW FISH ANDANTES AND ANIMALS AND INSECTS ADAPT IN 88 00:05:24,400 --> 00:05:25,400 SPACE. 89 00:05:25,400 --> 00:05:32,199 SO, WE ARE DOING MANY THINGS ONE NEAT THING ABOUT SCIENCE IS YOU 90 00:05:32,199 --> 00:05:34,099 NEVER KNOW WHAT YOU WILL FIND OUT. 91 00:05:34,099 --> 00:05:36,509 YOU MAY START THINKING ONE THING AND FIND OUT SOMETHING 92 00:05:36,509 --> 00:05:37,509 DIFFERENT. 93 00:05:37,509 --> 00:05:41,789 IT IS FUN TO USE YOUR MATH AND SCIENCE, TOO TO MAKE NEW 94 00:05:41,789 --> 00:05:42,789 DISCOVERIES. 95 00:05:42,789 --> 00:05:47,020 >> SINCE THE BEGINNING WE ARE GOING TO HAVE MORE QUESTIONS AS 96 00:05:47,020 --> 00:05:49,059 WE GO ALONG TODAY. 97 00:05:49,059 --> 00:05:50,729 AND ANN WILL ANSWER THEM. 98 00:05:50,729 --> 00:05:53,479 NOW WE WILL BE TALKING ABOUT SCIENCE AND SPACE. 99 00:05:53,479 --> 00:05:59,099 MARTY, YOU LEARNED THAT SCIENCE IN SPACE STARTS ON EARTH? 100 00:05:59,099 --> 00:06:00,099 IT DOES. 101 00:06:00,099 --> 00:06:02,080 BETH SAID YOU NEED TO GO TO THIS GREEN HOUSE. 102 00:06:02,080 --> 00:06:06,100 I WAS NOT WILD ABOUT THAT. 103 00:06:06,100 --> 00:06:08,559 LET US HEAD TO THE GREEN HOUSE. 104 00:06:08,559 --> 00:06:11,970 >> I'M AT THE SMITHSONIAN GARDEN GREEN HOUSE I'M GOING TO 105 00:06:11,970 --> 00:06:15,199 TALK TO BRETT MC NISH, A HORTICULTURIST. 106 00:06:15,199 --> 00:06:17,669 YOU WILL DIG THIS. 107 00:06:17,669 --> 00:06:20,919 >> HOW IS IT GOING? 108 00:06:20,919 --> 00:06:22,550 >> HEY, MARTY. 109 00:06:22,550 --> 00:06:25,589 WELCOME TO THE SMITHSONIAN GREEN HOUSE. 110 00:06:25,589 --> 00:06:30,399 >> THIS PLACE IS INCREDIBLE THIS IS FUNNY LOOKING. 111 00:06:30,399 --> 00:06:32,789 >> YOU NOTICED THIS. 112 00:06:32,789 --> 00:06:38,110 THIS PLANT HERE IS AMERANTH IT IS A SEMIANNUAL WE GROW IN OUR 113 00:06:38,110 --> 00:06:40,610 GARDENS. 114 00:06:40,610 --> 00:06:47,189 WE DECIDED TO HAVE FUN TO SHOW FOLKS AN EXAMPLE OF GEOTROPISM. 115 00:06:47,189 --> 00:06:48,189 >> WHAT IS THAT? 116 00:06:48,189 --> 00:06:53,150 >> GEOTROPISM IS THE PLANTS RESPONSE TO GRAVITY. 117 00:06:53,150 --> 00:06:57,199 WE KNOW PLANTS WANT TO GROW UP TOWARD THE SUP TO GET THAT 118 00:06:57,199 --> 00:06:58,199 SUNLIGHT. 119 00:06:58,199 --> 00:07:01,159 AND THEY ALSO WANT TO SEND ROOTS DOWN IN THE SOIL WHERE THERE IS 120 00:07:01,159 --> 00:07:03,249 NUTRIENTS AND WATER. 121 00:07:03,249 --> 00:07:08,309 DOWN HERE WE HAVE AN EXPERIMENTS WHERE WE HAVE TAKEN A PLANT AND 122 00:07:08,309 --> 00:07:09,879 GROWN IT UPSIDE DOWN. 123 00:07:09,879 --> 00:07:14,189 AND NOW THIS PLANT IS TRYING TO GROW UP TOWARD THE SUN. 124 00:07:14,189 --> 00:07:16,569 AND IT IS DONE A NICE CURVE HERE. 125 00:07:16,569 --> 00:07:19,099 LOOKS LIKE A COUP LADLE. 126 00:07:19,099 --> 00:07:22,139 >> GROWING PLANTS IN SPACE THIS SHOWS IT IS NOT EASY. 127 00:07:22,139 --> 00:07:23,139 >> RIGHT. 128 00:07:23,139 --> 00:07:26,319 IN SPACE YOU HAVE A LOWER OR ZERO GRAVITY ENVIRONMENT. 129 00:07:26,319 --> 00:07:29,139 PLANT WILL GET CONFUSED. 130 00:07:29,139 --> 00:07:32,599 THEY RUN EXPERIMENTS LIKE THIS IN SPACE AND SEE THE ROOTS AND 131 00:07:32,599 --> 00:07:37,410 CHUTES GROW IN THE SAME CRAZY DIRECTIONS. 132 00:07:37,410 --> 00:07:38,610 CONFUSED. 133 00:07:38,610 --> 00:07:41,659 >> THERE HAS BEEN AN EXPERIMENT ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 134 00:07:41,659 --> 00:07:43,849 STATION CALLED, VEGGIE? 135 00:07:43,849 --> 00:07:48,210 >> VEGGIE YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT GROWING SALAD GREEN IN SPACE. 136 00:07:48,210 --> 00:07:52,759 OUTRAGEOUS IS THE NAME THEY ENJOYED UP THERE. 137 00:07:52,759 --> 00:07:54,879 PLANTS REQUIRE THINGS TO GROW. 138 00:07:54,879 --> 00:07:55,990 THEY NEED NUTRIENTS. 139 00:07:55,990 --> 00:07:58,999 THEY WILL GET THROUGH SOIL. 140 00:07:58,999 --> 00:08:00,479 OR GROWING MEDIUM. 141 00:08:00,479 --> 00:08:01,589 THEY NEED WATER. 142 00:08:01,589 --> 00:08:03,329 THEY NEED CZ2 AND SUNLIGHT. 143 00:08:03,329 --> 00:08:09,369 >> LIKE A GREEN HOUSE. 144 00:08:09,369 --> 00:08:11,030 >> EXACTLY A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT. 145 00:08:11,030 --> 00:08:16,300 >> I GOT A CHANCE TO TALK TO KJEL LINDGREN WHEN THEY 146 00:08:16,300 --> 00:08:22,889 HARVESTED THE FIRST CROP OF LETTUCE AND IF IS BEYOND GETTING 147 00:08:22,889 --> 00:08:24,709 A CHANCE TO EAT THEM. 148 00:08:24,709 --> 00:08:29,009 >> AN ADDITIONAL BENEFIT THAT WAS POWERFUL THE PSYCHOLOGICAL 149 00:08:29,009 --> 00:08:30,009 ASPECT. 150 00:08:30,009 --> 00:08:33,610 WE GARDEN ON EARTH BECAUSE IT IS FUN. 151 00:08:33,610 --> 00:08:38,250 AND I HAPPENING THE IT IS†-- THE SAME ON STATION AS WELL. 152 00:08:38,250 --> 00:08:42,130 TO BE TAKING TARE CARE OF A LIVING THING DAILY TO WATCH IT 153 00:08:42,130 --> 00:08:46,220 GROW AND SEE THIS GREEN LIVING THING IN AN OTHERWISE WHITE AND 154 00:08:46,220 --> 00:08:50,570 STAINLESS STERILE ENVIRONMENT OF THE SPACE STATION WAS 155 00:08:50,570 --> 00:08:52,980 PSYCHOLOGICALLY HELPFUL. 156 00:08:52,980 --> 00:08:57,440 >> ANA YOU HAVE A GREAT STORY ABOUT THAT EXPERIMENT. 157 00:08:57,440 --> 00:08:59,480 TELL US A BIT ABOUT IT. 158 00:08:59,480 --> 00:09:00,480 >> YES. 159 00:09:00,480 --> 00:09:04,580 ONE OF MY COLLEAGUES WAS ON THAT SAME EXPEDITION GROWING LETTUCE 160 00:09:04,580 --> 00:09:09,840 IN SPACE AND TOLD US A STORY HOW HIS FATHER IS FROM JAPAN AND 161 00:09:09,840 --> 00:09:14,080 FIRST GENERATION SON WANTED HIS SON TO CONTINUE AND BE A FARMER 162 00:09:14,080 --> 00:09:15,260 AS WELL. 163 00:09:15,260 --> 00:09:16,490 KENYA HAD OTHER IDEAS. 164 00:09:16,490 --> 00:09:20,650 HE WANT TO BE A PILOT AND BECAME AN ASTRONAUT. 165 00:09:20,650 --> 00:09:24,440 WHEN HE WAS ON THE SPACE STATION AND GREW THE LETTUCE AND ATE IT 166 00:09:24,440 --> 00:09:28,180 WHEN HE GOT BACK TO EARTH HIS DAD ASKED WHICH LUES WAS BETTER 167 00:09:28,180 --> 00:09:32,160 THE LETTUCE ON THE FARM OR IN SPACE. 168 00:09:32,160 --> 00:09:35,980 BEING THE DIPLOMATIC PERSON HEED, IT WAS HIS DADS. 169 00:09:35,980 --> 00:09:38,530 >> HE GOT TO FARM JUST NOT ON EARTH. 170 00:09:38,530 --> 00:09:42,840 >> THEY EACH PURSUED THEIR DREAMS AND HE PURSUED HIS 171 00:09:42,840 --> 00:09:47,060 FARTHER'S DREAMS WE FOLLOW NOTHING HIS FOOTSTEPS, SORT OF. 172 00:09:47,060 --> 00:09:50,840 >> YOU WERE THE FIRST CLASS OF ASTRONAUTS THAT INCLUDED WOMEN 173 00:09:50,840 --> 00:09:53,580 AND THE FIRST MOTHER IN SPACE. 174 00:09:53,580 --> 00:09:57,380 WILL YOU TELL US ABOUT THOUGH EXPERIENCE. 175 00:09:57,380 --> 00:10:03,340 GI WAS HONORED TO BE IN THE FIRST GROUP OF WOMEN SELECT IN 176 00:10:03,340 --> 00:10:04,340 THE 1978. 177 00:10:04,340 --> 00:10:08,430 IT WAS A TIME NASA WAS PREPARED AND READY AND WELCOMING WOMEN. 178 00:10:08,430 --> 00:10:12,330 IT WAS A WONDERFUL EXPERIENCE AND GETTING A CHANCE TO BE THE 179 00:10:12,330 --> 00:10:13,770 FIRST MOM TO GO IN SPACE. 180 00:10:13,770 --> 00:10:17,260 MY DAUGHTER SAYS I OWE IT ALL TO HER. 181 00:10:17,260 --> 00:10:18,890 IT WAS A VERY CHALLENGING TIME. 182 00:10:18,890 --> 00:10:22,640 BUT AT SAME TIME BOTH WERE EQUALLY IMPORTANT TO ME. 183 00:10:22,640 --> 00:10:27,830 IT WAS REALLY A SPECIAL BUT JUGGLING THE TWO WAS THE 184 00:10:27,830 --> 00:10:28,830 CHALLENGE. 185 00:10:28,830 --> 00:10:29,830 >> I IMAGINE IT WAS. 186 00:10:29,830 --> 00:10:32,720 THERE IS A LOT OF TRAINING THAT GOES INTO IT. 187 00:10:32,720 --> 00:10:36,270 >> A LOT OF TRAINING AND ALSO YOU KNOW, BEING A 50 TIME MOM 188 00:10:36,270 --> 00:10:40,700 LEARNING ALL THAT, TOO, IT WAS CHALLENGING BUT PROBABLY THE 189 00:10:40,700 --> 00:10:41,890 BEST YEARS OF MY LIFE. 190 00:10:41,890 --> 00:10:44,070 >> SHALL WE TAKE QUESTIONS? 191 00:10:44,070 --> 00:10:45,310 >> SOUNDS GREAT. 192 00:10:45,310 --> 00:10:46,840 >> START WITH A VIDEO QUESTION. 193 00:10:46,840 --> 00:10:53,200 Q: I WAS WONDERING IF [INAUDIBLE] 194 00:10:53,200 --> 00:10:59,220 A: WELL IS NO DISADVANTAGE THAT I CAN THINK OF OTHER THAN SOME 195 00:10:59,220 --> 00:11:02,820 OF US THAT ARE ON THE SMALL ARE SIDE WE DID NOT FIT IN THE SPACE 196 00:11:02,820 --> 00:11:03,820 SUIT. 197 00:11:03,820 --> 00:11:06,361 WE WERE NOT ABLE TO DO SPACE WALKS BUT WE ARE WORKING TO 198 00:11:06,361 --> 00:11:12,160 DESIGN A SUIT THAT THE FIT THE ENTIRE RANGE. 199 00:11:12,160 --> 00:11:16,530 WE HAVE PERHAPS ONE SLIGHT ADVANTAGE IN THAT WE HAD SOME 200 00:11:16,530 --> 00:11:19,920 ASTRONAUTS COME BACK WITH CHANGES TO THEIR VISION. 201 00:11:19,920 --> 00:11:24,180 A LOT OF THEORIES TO WHY THAT HAPPENS SO FAR AND IT IS NOT 202 00:11:24,180 --> 00:11:28,420 SIGNIFICANT, NONE OF THE WOMEN HAD THAT PROBLEM. 203 00:11:28,420 --> 00:11:30,340 MAY BE THERE IS A SLIGHT ADVANTAGE. 204 00:11:30,340 --> 00:11:34,340 BUT REALISTICALLY MALES AND FEMALES ALL DO THE SAME JOB AND 205 00:11:34,340 --> 00:11:38,060 SAME TRAINING AND THERE IS NOT AN ADVANTAGE OR DISADVANTAGE. 206 00:11:38,060 --> 00:11:40,360 >> WE HAVE AN ONLINE QUESTION. 207 00:11:40,360 --> 00:11:45,670 Q: HOW DO YOU CONDUCT SCIENCE ON THE SPACE STATION WITH THE 208 00:11:45,670 --> 00:11:47,560 LIMITED WORKING SPACE? 209 00:11:47,560 --> 00:11:52,410 A: WELL, IT IS REALLY NOT THAT LIMITED. 210 00:11:52,410 --> 00:11:56,670 I MEAN THE SIZE OF THE SPACE STATION IS QUITE BIG, IT IS THE 211 00:11:56,670 --> 00:12:02,540 SIZE OF A FIVE BEDROOM HOUSE AND THE LAVATORIY WOULD BE THREE OF 212 00:12:02,540 --> 00:12:07,610 THE BEDROOMS KIND OF EUROPEAN MODEL, JAPANESE AND U.S. 213 00:12:07,610 --> 00:12:08,870 LABORATORY. 214 00:12:08,870 --> 00:12:13,840 AND WEIGHTLESSNESS THE THING THAT IS UNIQUE IN ADDITION TO 215 00:12:13,840 --> 00:12:18,720 BEING ZERO GRAVITY IS THE FACT YOU CAN USE THAT ENTIRE VOLUME. 216 00:12:18,720 --> 00:12:21,880 WHERE AS HERE YOU ARE LIMITED TO BEING ABLE TO PUT THING ON THE 217 00:12:21,880 --> 00:12:24,120 GROUND YOU CAN USE THAT FULL DIMENSION. 218 00:12:24,120 --> 00:12:27,560 IT WINDS UP WORK OUT FINE. 219 00:12:27,560 --> 00:12:29,260 >> AND MARTY HAS AN AUDIENCE QUESTION. 220 00:12:29,260 --> 00:12:31,790 Q: HOW DO YOU STAY IN SHAPE IN SPACE. 221 00:12:31,790 --> 00:12:37,970 A: GOOD QUESTION IT IS IMPORTANT PARTICULARLY ON LONG MISSIONS TO 222 00:12:37,970 --> 00:12:41,280 TRY TO STAY IN SHAPE AND MAKE SURE YOU DON'T HAVE BONE LOSS 223 00:12:41,280 --> 00:12:42,780 AND MUSCLE LOSS. 224 00:12:42,780 --> 00:12:46,450 WE HAVE SEVERAL EXERCISE DEVICES ON BOARD. 225 00:12:46,450 --> 00:12:48,010 WE HAD A ROLLING MACHINE. 226 00:12:48,010 --> 00:12:49,010 A BICYCLE. 227 00:12:49,010 --> 00:12:56,060 IT IS IN THE RUSSIAN SEGMENT AND WE HAVE A TREADMILL AND A 228 00:12:56,060 --> 00:12:57,780 RESISTANT EXERCISE DEVICE. 229 00:12:57,780 --> 00:13:02,480 EVERY ASTRONAUT IS SCHEDULED FOR 2-1/2 HOURS OF EXERCISE A DAY AN 230 00:13:02,480 --> 00:13:06,520 HOUR OF AEROBICS AND AN HOUR OF RESISTANCE TRAINING. 231 00:13:06,520 --> 00:13:11,440 PEOPLE ARE COMING BACK IN BETTER SHAPE FROM A SIX MONTH MISSION 232 00:13:11,440 --> 00:13:15,050 THAN FROM SHUTTLE MISSIONS WHERE WE DID NOT HAVE THAT EQUIPMENT 233 00:13:15,050 --> 00:13:16,510 ON BOARD. 234 00:13:16,510 --> 00:13:19,850 >> A VIDEO QUESTION. 235 00:13:19,850 --> 00:13:24,420 Q: MY QUESTION IS, HOW IS THE VIEW FROM SPACE? 236 00:13:24,420 --> 00:13:27,860 A: THE VIEW FROM SPACE IS SPECTACULAR AS YOU COULD 237 00:13:27,860 --> 00:13:30,000 POSSIBLY IMAGINE. 238 00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:33,470 ONE OF THE THINGS WE DID ON OUR FLIGHT IS AFTER WE TOOK THE 239 00:13:33,470 --> 00:13:37,820 NIGHT TO MISSION CONTROL WE TAKE AN HOUR IN OUR SLEEP PERIOD AND 240 00:13:37,820 --> 00:13:41,990 GO SIT OUT BY A WINDOW AND LOOK OUT AND WATCH THAT VIEW. 241 00:13:41,990 --> 00:13:45,560 ONE OF MY FAVORITE VIEWS WAS LOOKING AT THE SNOW CAPS 242 00:13:45,560 --> 00:13:49,820 HIMALAYIAS WITH THE FULL MOON IT IS ABSOLUTELY AMAZING. 243 00:13:49,820 --> 00:13:54,870 AND YOU REALIZE AS YOU LOOK TO THE VAST DARKNESS OF SPACE WE 244 00:13:54,870 --> 00:13:58,010 ALL ARE ON THIS BEAUTIFUL, WONDERFUL PLANET WITH A THIN 245 00:13:58,010 --> 00:14:01,900 SLIVER OF ATMOSPHERE AND NEED TO TAKE CARE OF THIS PLANET. 246 00:14:01,900 --> 00:14:05,540 IT WAS ABSOLUTELY AMAZINGLY BEAUTIFUL. 247 00:14:05,540 --> 00:14:07,640 >> MARTY HAS AN AUDIENCE QUESTION. 248 00:14:07,640 --> 00:14:11,450 Q: HOW DOES BEING BACK ON EARTH FEEL AFTER A MISSION. 249 00:14:11,450 --> 00:14:14,740 DOES THE BODY REACT DIFFERENTLY AFTER BEING WEIGHTLESSNESS FOR 250 00:14:14,740 --> 00:14:15,740 AWHILE? 251 00:14:15,740 --> 00:14:20,780 A: IT TAKES AWHY TO ADJUST GOING INTO SPACE AND WHEN YOU COME 252 00:14:20,780 --> 00:14:28,100 BACK IT TAKES A DAY OR TWO FOR A SHORTER MISSION AND LONGER FOR A 253 00:14:28,100 --> 00:14:29,940 SIC MONTH MISSION. 254 00:14:29,940 --> 00:14:35,910 WHEN WE LANDED I FELT LIKE AN 800 POUND GORILLA. 255 00:14:35,910 --> 00:14:38,820 I WAS IN SPACE FOR EIGHT DAYS. 256 00:14:38,820 --> 00:14:41,690 AND I HAD SWITCHES I HAD TO THROW UP ON THE OVER HEAD PANEL 257 00:14:41,690 --> 00:14:47,150 AND IN THE SIMULATOR I DID IT IN 15-20 SECONDS IT TOOK ME SEVERAL 258 00:14:47,150 --> 00:14:52,280 SECTS TO LIFT MY ARM UP. 259 00:14:52,280 --> 00:14:53,970 WITHIN A DAY YOU ADAPT. 260 00:14:53,970 --> 00:14:58,610 I REMEMBER GOING TO BED AND I KEPT FEELING LIKE MY FEET WERE 261 00:14:58,610 --> 00:15:03,550 FLOATING AND I HAD TO OPEN MY EYES TO MAKE SURE I WAS IN 262 00:15:03,550 --> 00:15:04,730 GRAVITY. 263 00:15:04,730 --> 00:15:05,850 YOU ADAP. 264 00:15:05,850 --> 00:15:09,910 FOR A DAY YOU ARE WOBBLY AND UNCERTAIN. 265 00:15:09,910 --> 00:15:13,290 >> WE HAVE TALKED TO A LOT OF ASTRONAUTS ABOUT THEIR 266 00:15:13,290 --> 00:15:18,060 EXPERIENCES OF DOING FLIGHTS ONE WAS STEPHANIE WILSON. 267 00:15:18,060 --> 00:15:21,020 >> I'M JOINED BY STEPHANIE WILSON A VETERAN OF 3 SPACE 268 00:15:21,020 --> 00:15:23,430 SHUTTLE FLIGHTS YOU SPENT 42 DAYS IN SPACE. 269 00:15:23,430 --> 00:15:25,490 THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. 270 00:15:25,490 --> 00:15:26,490 >> THANK YOU. 271 00:15:26,490 --> 00:15:29,810 >> TELL ME ABOUT THE SCIENCE THAT GUESS ON IN SPACE. 272 00:15:29,810 --> 00:15:33,300 >> WE HAVE SEVERAL AREAS WE CONDUCT RESEARCH ON THE 273 00:15:33,300 --> 00:15:37,450 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION INCLUDES EARTH OBSERVATION. 274 00:15:37,450 --> 00:15:43,290 PHYSICAL SCIENCE OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOLOGY IN SOME 275 00:15:43,290 --> 00:15:47,430 OF THE AREAS FOR EARTH SCIENCE WE ARE LOOKING BACK AT EARTH TO 276 00:15:47,430 --> 00:15:50,730 SEE CHANGES IN EARTH BEFORE STATION AND SEE HOW WE CAN 277 00:15:50,730 --> 00:15:54,290 BETTER PREDICT STORMS AND WEATHER PATTERNS FOR THE 278 00:15:54,290 --> 00:15:57,420 PHYSICAL SCIENCES WE HAVE MATERIALS THAT ARE BEING EXPOSED 279 00:15:57,420 --> 00:16:01,270 TO THE VACUUM OF SPACE TO LEARN MORE ABOUT IMPROVEMENTS IN 280 00:16:01,270 --> 00:16:02,270 MATERIALS. 281 00:16:02,270 --> 00:16:06,330 WE HAVE A COMBUSTION FACILITY WE LEARN ABOUT BURNING MATERIALS 282 00:16:06,330 --> 00:16:10,900 AND FIRE SUPPRESSION ON BOARD THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 283 00:16:10,900 --> 00:16:13,530 MUCH WORK IS GOING ON IN THE AREA OF SCIENCE ON THE SPACE 284 00:16:13,530 --> 00:16:16,120 STATION. 285 00:16:16,120 --> 00:16:19,529 >> NOW AS A MISSION SPECIALIST ONE THING YOU HAD TO DO WAS 286 00:16:19,529 --> 00:16:22,650 CONTROL THE ROBOTIC ARM TO RETRIEVE A SATELLITE. 287 00:16:22,650 --> 00:16:25,899 THAT IS NOT EASY, IS IT? 288 00:16:25,899 --> 00:16:31,120 >> IT IS DEFINITELY NOT EASY IT TOOK TRAINING AND PLANNING AND 289 00:16:31,120 --> 00:16:33,680 THINKING AHEAD OF TIME HOW WE WOULD DO THAT. 290 00:16:33,680 --> 00:16:36,950 BECAUSE THAT SATELLITE IS ABOUT THE SIZE OF A SCHOOL BUS ON THE 291 00:16:36,950 --> 00:16:38,380 GROUND. 292 00:16:38,380 --> 00:16:41,920 >> AND YOU WERE SUCCESSFUL IN THAT AND EVERYBODY GOT THE 293 00:16:41,920 --> 00:16:43,540 SATELLITE BACK? 294 00:16:43,540 --> 00:16:46,740 >> WE BROUGHT IT BACK AND TWO OF THEM, AS A MATTER OF FACT. 295 00:16:46,740 --> 00:16:50,900 AND ABLE TO RELAUNCH THEM THREE YEARS LATER. 296 00:16:50,900 --> 00:16:52,350 >> OKAY. 297 00:16:52,350 --> 00:16:55,270 ONE OF THE THINGS THAT SATELLITES HAVE TO HAVE TO STAY 298 00:16:55,270 --> 00:17:00,310 ON TRACK ON IN THE RIGHT O BIT ARE DRIVER SCOPES. 299 00:17:00,310 --> 00:17:03,520 MARTY DO YOU WANT TO TELL US ABOUT WHAT YOU ARE DOING. 300 00:17:03,520 --> 00:17:07,289 >> YES, HE HAS A BICYCLE WHEEL HE IS HOLDING WITH HANDLES AND 301 00:17:07,289 --> 00:17:13,370 HE IS ON A PLATFORM THAT MOVES EASILY WITH NO MOTORS IN IT. 302 00:17:13,370 --> 00:17:15,439 THERE HAS TO BE A FORCE OF LIFE TO IT. 303 00:17:15,439 --> 00:17:19,360 AND WE WILL LOOK AT NEWTON'S THIRD LAW. 304 00:17:19,360 --> 00:17:23,860 NEWTON'S THIRD LAW IS REACTION THERE IS AN EQUAL AND OPPOSITE 305 00:17:23,860 --> 00:17:24,860 REACTION. 306 00:17:24,860 --> 00:17:27,189 >> NICE JOB, GUISE. 307 00:17:27,189 --> 00:17:31,270 WE WILL PUT THAT IN PLACE WHILE WE ARE LOOKING AT SCOPES TODAY. 308 00:17:31,270 --> 00:17:37,540 I WILL HAVE YOU HOLD THIS AND I WILL SPIN THIS REAL FAST. 309 00:17:37,540 --> 00:17:40,540 >> HANG ON. 310 00:17:40,540 --> 00:17:43,179 >> ALL RIGHT NOW TILT IT TO THE LEFT. 311 00:17:43,179 --> 00:17:45,710 >> NOT BACK TO THE RIGHT. 312 00:17:45,710 --> 00:17:47,570 OH , TILT IT BACK THE OTHER WAY. 313 00:17:47,570 --> 00:17:48,620 ALL RIGHT. 314 00:17:48,620 --> 00:17:53,420 WHAT IS HAPPENING HERE IS WE APPLIED A FORCE IN ONE DIRECTION 315 00:17:53,420 --> 00:17:57,640 AND WHEN HE TILT TODAY WHEN HE TILTS THE WHEEL THE OPPOSITE 316 00:17:57,640 --> 00:18:00,270 REACTION PUSHES HIM BACK THE OTHER WAY. 317 00:18:00,270 --> 00:18:03,520 NOW HOW DID YOU FEEL WHILE THAT WAS HAPPENING? 318 00:18:03,520 --> 00:18:07,870 >> I WAS FEELING PUSHED OR FORCED TO THE SIDE I OF ON. 319 00:18:07,870 --> 00:18:09,690 >> DID IT FEEL WEIRD? 320 00:18:09,690 --> 00:18:10,690 >> YES. 321 00:18:10,690 --> 00:18:13,600 >> ALL RIGHT THIS IS A GREAT EXAMPLE OF NEWTON'S THIRD LAW IN 322 00:18:13,600 --> 00:18:18,120 ACTION AS WELL AS A SCOPE THE SCOPES ARE IMPORTANT FOR 323 00:18:18,120 --> 00:18:21,590 GUIDANCE ON SATELLITES >> WHEN THE GUIDANCE SYSTEMS 324 00:18:21,590 --> 00:18:25,190 DON'T WORK WE HAVE ASTRONAUTS RETRIEVE THEM. 325 00:18:25,190 --> 00:18:26,190 >> EXACTLY. 326 00:18:26,190 --> 00:18:29,900 >> NOW YOU STUDIED TO BECOME A MEDICAL DOCTOR. 327 00:18:29,900 --> 00:18:36,090 HOW DID THAT EXPERIENCE HELP YOU FOR YOUR CAREER AS AN ASTRONAUT? 328 00:18:36,090 --> 00:18:39,160 >> ONE OF THE THINGS THAT JUST REALLY ANY SCIENTIFIC DEVELOP 329 00:18:39,160 --> 00:18:44,980 HELPS TO YOU BECOME AN ASTRONAUT WITH IMMEDIATE I WAS ABLE TO 330 00:18:44,980 --> 00:18:49,490 HELP ON BOARD MY FLIGHT AS THE CREW MEDICAL OFFICER AND 331 00:18:49,490 --> 00:18:52,080 DEVELOPING THE EQUIPMENT FOR THE SPACE STATION. 332 00:18:52,080 --> 00:18:55,040 THE NUMBER ONE WAY IT HELPED ME IS LEARN TO LIVE WITHOUT A LOT 333 00:18:55,040 --> 00:18:58,410 OF SLEEP. 334 00:18:58,410 --> 00:19:01,910 WHEN I CAME TO NASA AND I SAW THAT ON THE FLIGHT PLAN YOU HAD 335 00:19:01,910 --> 00:19:05,380 EIGHT HOURS OF SLEEP THEY THOUGHT YOU NEEDED SLEEP TO DO A 336 00:19:05,380 --> 00:19:07,890 GOOD JOB THAT WAS WELCOMED. 337 00:19:07,890 --> 00:19:12,480 >> NOW, WE HAVE BEEN STUDYING ASTRONAUTS SINCE THE BEGINNING 338 00:19:12,480 --> 00:19:16,559 OF THE PROGRAM AND GOT A CHANCE TO TALK TO APOLLO 11 ASTRONAUT 339 00:19:16,559 --> 00:19:20,610 MICHAEL COLLINS ABOUT HIS EXPERIENCES. 340 00:19:20,610 --> 00:19:23,380 >> I'M JOINED BY MICHAEL COLENCE WHO THROUGH ON GEMINI 10 341 00:19:23,380 --> 00:19:24,650 AND APOLO 11. 342 00:19:24,650 --> 00:19:26,240 THANK YOU. 343 00:19:26,240 --> 00:19:29,539 >> DELIGHTED BE HERE. 344 00:19:29,539 --> 00:19:32,460 >> YOU WERE PART OF THE SPACE PROGRAM WHEN REALLY IT WAS IN 345 00:19:32,460 --> 00:19:35,350 INFANCY AND THERE WERE EXPERIMENTS GOING ON? 346 00:19:35,350 --> 00:19:38,870 DID YOU FEEL LIKE A GUINEA PIG FLYING AROUND? 347 00:19:38,870 --> 00:19:41,780 >> FREQUENTLY, YES, YES. 348 00:19:41,780 --> 00:19:46,680 OF COURSE, GUINEA PIGS ARE GETTING INJECTED AND SUBJECTING 349 00:19:46,680 --> 00:19:50,690 THEMSELVES TO THE LATEST MEDICAL ADVANCES. 350 00:19:50,690 --> 00:19:56,600 AND WE HAD A FAIRLY STRONG BUT FRIENDLY AND COMPETENT MEDICAL 351 00:19:56,600 --> 00:19:58,030 COMPONENT TO TRAINING. 352 00:19:58,030 --> 00:20:02,030 >> WHAT DID WE LEARN THAT HELPS US WITH LONG-TERM SPACE FLIGHT? 353 00:20:02,030 --> 00:20:06,600 >> THERE ARE A NUMBER OF THINGS. 354 00:20:06,600 --> 00:20:09,850 MANY OF WHICH I HAVE JUST READ ABOUT. 355 00:20:09,850 --> 00:20:13,780 AFFECTS ON THE BLOOD SUPPLY TO YOUR EYE. 356 00:20:13,780 --> 00:20:16,950 WHICH CHANGES IN WEIGHTLESSNESS. 357 00:20:16,950 --> 00:20:19,700 OF COURSE WE FELT STRETCHED OUT. 358 00:20:19,700 --> 00:20:24,170 WE WERE A BIT TALLER BECAUSE THE SPACE BETWEEN YOUR VERTEBRA 359 00:20:24,170 --> 00:20:25,740 EXTENDS. 360 00:20:25,740 --> 00:20:31,360 THESE THINGS ARE NOT IMPORTANT AT ALL FOR THE WORK WE WERE 361 00:20:31,360 --> 00:20:32,360 DOING. 362 00:20:32,360 --> 00:20:36,340 YOU KNOW TO THE MOON AND BACK AND EIGHT DAYS, NOT A MEDICAL 363 00:20:36,340 --> 00:20:37,650 CHALLENGE IN THAT. 364 00:20:37,650 --> 00:20:42,370 BUT IF YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT SEVERAL YEARS TO MARS AND BACK 365 00:20:42,370 --> 00:20:46,691 THE MEDICAL CONSIDERATIONS BECOME EXTREMELY IMPORTANT FOR 366 00:20:46,691 --> 00:20:49,210 PERHAPS PARAMOUNT TO SUCH A TRIP. 367 00:20:49,210 --> 00:20:55,690 >> ONE OF THE NICE THINGS HAVING ASTRONAUTS ON IS THAT YOU 368 00:20:55,690 --> 00:20:59,500 HAVE CONVERSATION WITH THEM PRIOR TO THE SHOW. 369 00:20:59,500 --> 00:21:02,490 AND YOU HAVE A REALLY GREAT STORY ABOUT YOUR NECKLACE TELL 370 00:21:02,490 --> 00:21:03,790 US ABOUT THAT. 371 00:21:03,790 --> 00:21:08,429 >> THIS MY HUSBAND HAD THIS MADE FOR ME BEFORE MY FLIGHT AND 372 00:21:08,429 --> 00:21:12,010 IT HAS A STAR IN HOUSTON AND A STAR IN ORBIT. 373 00:21:12,010 --> 00:21:17,030 AND ALSO HAD TWO MADE FOR MY TWO DAUGHTERS I EVENTUALLY HAD. 374 00:21:17,030 --> 00:21:19,740 IT WAS REALLY FUN TO WEAR IN. 375 00:21:19,740 --> 00:21:22,870 YOU LOOK AT THE VIDEO YOU SEE THE NECKLACE FLOATING. 376 00:21:22,870 --> 00:21:25,909 >> YOU TAKE UP A LOT OF PERSONAL STUFF? 377 00:21:25,909 --> 00:21:28,390 >> WE DON'T GET TO TAKE A LOT. 378 00:21:28,390 --> 00:21:31,890 FOR THE SHUTTLE PROGRAM I WAS REMEMBERING YOU GOT TO TAKE 10 379 00:21:31,890 --> 00:21:36,500 OR 20 ITEMS AND THEY HAD TO BE SMALL THINGS. 380 00:21:36,500 --> 00:21:40,300 AND SO YOU GOT TO HAVE A FEW PERSONAL THINGS WHICH WAS FUN. 381 00:21:40,300 --> 00:21:45,030 OTHER THING YOU GOT TO DO I ENJOYED WAS WE GOT TO FLY 382 00:21:45,030 --> 00:21:51,330 THROUGH THE UCLA I FLEW A BANNER UCLA BANNER AND MY MEDICAL 383 00:21:51,330 --> 00:21:56,840 SCHOOL UCLA I FLEW A BOOK FROM THE 1800 WITH THE HIPPOCRATIC 384 00:21:56,840 --> 00:21:57,840 OATH IN IT. 385 00:21:57,840 --> 00:22:01,150 IT IS A WAY OF GIVING BACK AND SHARING THE EXPERIENCE WITH 386 00:22:01,150 --> 00:22:03,610 PEOPLE WHO HELPED YOU ALONG THAT PATH WAY. 387 00:22:03,610 --> 00:22:08,100 >> AND TO WORK FOR NASA TELL US ABOUT WHAT YOU ARE WORKING ON 388 00:22:08,100 --> 00:22:09,100 NOW? 389 00:22:09,100 --> 00:22:13,320 >> YES, I'M WITH NAS AT LONGEST SERVING ACTIVE ASTRONAUT. 390 00:22:13,320 --> 00:22:19,280 AND I WORK NOW ON O'RYAN AND THE DISPLAYS WE ARE GOING TO 391 00:22:19,280 --> 00:22:23,900 ELECTRONIC PROCEDURES AND CONTROL. 392 00:22:23,900 --> 00:22:25,350 THAT'S WHAT I'M WORKING ON. 393 00:22:25,350 --> 00:22:28,720 IT IS FUN. >> AND DOES NASA STILL KEEP UP 394 00:22:28,720 --> 00:22:31,540 WITH YOUR HEALTH AFTER BEING AN ASTRONAUT 395 00:22:31,540 --> 00:22:36,590 >> FOR THE REST OF OUR LIVES IF YOU CHOOSE TO PARTICIPATE, WHICH 396 00:22:36,590 --> 00:22:39,150 I THINK LARGE NUMBER DO. 397 00:22:39,150 --> 00:22:42,460 CAN YOU COME BACK TO NASA FOR ANNUAL PHYSICAL THEY ARE LOOKING 398 00:22:42,460 --> 00:22:47,320 AT ALL THE ASTRONAUTS FROM BACK IN THE MERCURY DAYS ALL THE WAY 399 00:22:47,320 --> 00:22:52,360 TO NOW AND VARIOUS LENGTHS OF TIME IN ORBIT TO SEE IF THERE IS 400 00:22:52,360 --> 00:22:56,610 AN IMPACT FROM WEIGHTLESSNESS AND RADIATION AND ANYTHING WE 401 00:22:56,610 --> 00:23:00,870 CAN LEARN TO HELP FUTURE EXPLORATION LIKE MARS. 402 00:23:00,870 --> 00:23:02,670 >> MORE QUESTIONS? 403 00:23:02,670 --> 00:23:06,550 >> START WITH A VIDEO QUESTION. 404 00:23:06,550 --> 00:23:11,710 Q: I'M FROM SOUTH VALLEY I WAS WONDERING HOW LONG DID IT TAKE 405 00:23:11,710 --> 00:23:14,120 FOR TO YOU GET USED TO ZERO GRAVITY? 406 00:23:14,120 --> 00:23:21,130 A: GETTING USED TO ZERO GRAVITY IS A PRETTY QUICK PROCESS. 407 00:23:21,130 --> 00:23:25,750 MOST OR A LARGE PERCENTAGE OF ASTRONAUTS HAVE SPACE ADAPTATION 408 00:23:25,750 --> 00:23:31,840 SYNDROME LIKE SEA SICKNESS IT TAKES ONE-THREE DAYS TO GET OVER 409 00:23:31,840 --> 00:23:32,840 THAT. 410 00:23:32,840 --> 00:23:36,610 THE SYMPTOMS ARE LIKE DNC SICKNESS BUT DUE TO THE FLUID 411 00:23:36,610 --> 00:23:40,490 SHIFTS AND THE FLECK OF WHAT YOUR EYE IS SEEING AND WHAT YOUR 412 00:23:40,490 --> 00:23:42,640 INER EAR IS DETECTING. 413 00:23:42,640 --> 00:23:47,580 ONCE YOU GET USED TO THAT YOU ARE LIKE A BABY LEARNING TO 414 00:23:47,580 --> 00:23:48,580 WALK. 415 00:23:48,580 --> 00:23:50,330 YOU ARE MORE CLUMSY. 416 00:23:50,330 --> 00:23:53,820 IF YOU WATCH THE ASTRONAUTS ON BOARD SPACE STATIONS FOR SIX 417 00:23:53,820 --> 00:23:57,230 MONTHS THEY GET TO BE REALLY VERY COOL. 418 00:23:57,230 --> 00:24:01,370 THEY CAN SLIGHT MOVE AMS AND GET THEMSELVES ORIENTED WHEN YOU 419 00:24:01,370 --> 00:24:05,710 COME ON BOARD YOU ARE NOT THAT SKILLFUL AT WEIGHTLESSNESS, YOU 420 00:24:05,710 --> 00:24:07,910 ADAPT RAPIDLY. 421 00:24:07,910 --> 00:24:12,320 I WAS SURPRISED HOW QUICKLY YOU ADAP TO A STRANGE ENVIRONMENT. 422 00:24:12,320 --> 00:24:14,679 >> ATTACK AN ONLINE QUESTION. 423 00:24:14,679 --> 00:24:20,299 WHAT WAS THE MOST CHALLENGING TASK YOU HAD TO DO BEFORE 424 00:24:20,299 --> 00:24:21,809 BECOMING AN ASTRONAUT? 425 00:24:21,809 --> 00:24:28,299 A: I THINK THE MOST CHALLENGING THING FOR ME WAS THE FACT 426 00:24:28,299 --> 00:24:31,230 THAT†-- I DIDN'T KNOW I WAS GOING TO GET TO BE AN ASTRONAUT. 427 00:24:31,230 --> 00:24:34,870 I HAD FELT THAT IT HAD PASSED ME BY. 428 00:24:34,870 --> 00:24:38,320 EVEN THOUGH I HAD THAT DREAM SINCEIS WAS 12. 429 00:24:38,320 --> 00:24:41,540 IT CAME ABOUT UNEXPECTEDLY. 430 00:24:41,540 --> 00:24:45,360 I'M ONE OF THE PEOPLE WHO IS CONCERNED WHEN SOMETHING SO 431 00:24:45,360 --> 00:24:48,429 MAJOR HAPPENS. 432 00:24:48,429 --> 00:24:53,740 BUT I THINK THE HARDEST THING ABOUT BECOMING AN ASTRONAUT THE 433 00:24:53,740 --> 00:24:56,559 MOST CHALLENGING IS EVERYTHING YOU HAVE TO DO. 434 00:24:56,559 --> 00:25:00,170 YOU EITHER HAVE TO BECOME A PILOT AND GO TO THE MILITARY AND 435 00:25:00,170 --> 00:25:04,100 GET THOUSANDS OF HOURS AND GO TO TEST PILOT SCHOOL WHICH IS 436 00:25:04,100 --> 00:25:07,480 CHALLENGING FROM LISTEN TO MY COLLEAGUES AND THE OTHER IF YOU 437 00:25:07,480 --> 00:25:09,570 CHOSE TO BE A MISSION SPECIALIST. 438 00:25:09,570 --> 00:25:13,990 WHATEVER AREA YOU DECIDE A DOCTOR, PHD THERE IS WORK THAT 439 00:25:13,990 --> 00:25:15,920 GOES TO EITHER ONE OF THOSE. 440 00:25:15,920 --> 00:25:19,480 THAT'S AND THEN ALL THE OTHER THINGS THAT NASA LOOKS FOR 441 00:25:19,480 --> 00:25:23,690 LIKE†-- WHETHER YOU ARE A PRIVATE PILOT OR SCUBA DIVER AND 442 00:25:23,690 --> 00:25:29,140 MOUNTAIN CLIMBING GETTING THAT TOGETHER. 443 00:25:29,140 --> 00:25:31,520 >> YOU HAVE AN AUDIENCE QUESTION FOR US? 444 00:25:31,520 --> 00:25:35,760 Q: CAN YOU EXPERIMENT WITH SPIDERS IN SPACE? 445 00:25:35,760 --> 00:25:40,841 [LAUGHTER] A: I'M NOT A FAN, EITHER, BUT I 446 00:25:40,841 --> 00:25:45,530 DON'T KNOW THAT WE HAD SPIDERS IN SPACE. 447 00:25:45,530 --> 00:25:47,160 I KNOW WE HAD FERV. 448 00:25:47,160 --> 00:25:48,900 I KNOW WE HADDANTS. 449 00:25:48,900 --> 00:25:55,460 WE HAD SPIDER PROBABLY, YES, WE PROBABLY DO BUT THERE IS NOTHING 450 00:25:55,460 --> 00:26:01,960 THAT YOU CAN TAKE UP IN SPACE WITH YOU THAT ISN'T APPROVED. 451 00:26:01,960 --> 00:26:06,490 YOU CAN'T LIKE†-- FLIP A SPIED NEVER A ZIP LOCK AND TAKE IT 452 00:26:06,490 --> 00:26:08,559 WITH YOU TO DO YOUR OWN EXPERIMENT. 453 00:26:08,559 --> 00:26:11,450 IT HAS TO BE THOUGHT OUT. 454 00:26:11,450 --> 00:26:15,370 THEY HAVE TO DECIDE IF IT SAFE AND A DANGER TO YOURSELF OR 455 00:26:15,370 --> 00:26:16,370 OTHERS. 456 00:26:16,370 --> 00:26:18,360 IT GOES THROUGH A REVIEW PROCESS. 457 00:26:18,360 --> 00:26:22,290 OTHERWISE I WOULD HAVE LOVEED TAKE DIFFERENT THINGS TO ME IN 458 00:26:22,290 --> 00:26:24,390 SPACE AND HAVE FUN WITH IT. 459 00:26:24,390 --> 00:26:26,111 >> I THINK WE HAVE ANOTHER VIDEO QUESTION. 460 00:26:26,111 --> 00:26:35,790 Q: MY QUESTION IS†-- WHAT INSPIRED TO YOU COME BACK? 461 00:26:35,790 --> 00:26:43,460 A: WHAT INSPIRED ME TO BE AN ASTRONAUT IS WHEN I WAS OF AGE I 462 00:26:43,460 --> 00:26:48,140 LISTENED ALLEN SHEPHERDS ONE MORNING AND LISTEND AND KNEW AT 463 00:26:48,140 --> 00:26:50,929 THAT MOMENT THAT'S WHEN I WANTED TO DO. 464 00:26:50,929 --> 00:26:53,850 AND I NEVER FORGOT THAT AND NEVER LOST SIGHT OF THAT DREAM. 465 00:26:53,850 --> 00:26:57,360 EVEN THOUGH IT DID NOT SEEM POSSIBLE. 466 00:26:57,360 --> 00:27:01,150 THAT'S ONE THING IF YOU HAVE A DREAM GO AFTER IT. 467 00:27:01,150 --> 00:27:04,500 >> WE TALKED TO ONE MORE ASTRONAUT ABOUT HIS EXPERIENCES 468 00:27:04,500 --> 00:27:07,489 ON THE SPACE STATION. 469 00:27:07,489 --> 00:27:11,010 >> I'M JOINED BY FILM KOPRA YOU SPENT 243 DAYS IN SPACE. 470 00:27:11,010 --> 00:27:14,410 THANK YOU FOR TALKING WITH US WHEN YOU WERE IN SPACE THERE 471 00:27:14,410 --> 00:27:17,340 WERE A LOT OF EXPERIMENTS? 472 00:27:17,340 --> 00:27:19,690 WHY IS THAT IMPORTANT? 473 00:27:19,690 --> 00:27:22,799 >> THE SPACE STATION IS A WORLD CLASS LABORATORY. 474 00:27:22,799 --> 00:27:25,730 WE'RE DOING AN ARARE OF EXPERIMENTS SOME IS BASIC 475 00:27:25,730 --> 00:27:30,600 SCIENCE AND A LOT IS ZERO GRAVITY. 476 00:27:30,600 --> 00:27:35,140 WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THESE DIFFERENT AFFECTS WHICH ARE 477 00:27:35,140 --> 00:27:36,220 NEGATIVE. 478 00:27:36,220 --> 00:27:37,580 WE LOSE BONE DENSITY. 479 00:27:37,580 --> 00:27:39,700 MUSCLE MASS AND PROBLEMS WITH ICE. 480 00:27:39,700 --> 00:27:43,179 WE ARE LEARN BURGLAR THAT AND THAT'S WHAT WE DID ON BOARD THE 481 00:27:43,179 --> 00:27:45,389 SPACE STATION WITH OUR INVESTIGATIONS. 482 00:27:45,389 --> 00:27:48,080 >> WERE YOU THE GUINEA PIG WHILE YOU WERE UP? 483 00:27:48,080 --> 00:27:51,740 >> YOU KNOW WE ARE LIKE SCIENTISTS WE ARE EITHER THE 484 00:27:51,740 --> 00:27:55,010 TECHNICIAN OR WE JUST MOP TORTHE EXPERIMENT. 485 00:27:55,010 --> 00:27:56,780 OFTENTIMES WE ARE THE EXPERIMENT. 486 00:27:56,780 --> 00:27:58,490 WE ARE TAKING SAMPLES. 487 00:27:58,490 --> 00:27:59,620 WE ARE LOOKING AT ICE. 488 00:27:59,620 --> 00:28:01,840 WE HAVE WORLD CLASS EQUIPMENT. 489 00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:07,500 LOOKS LIKE AN OPTOMETRY CLINIC. 490 00:28:07,500 --> 00:28:09,090 >> THOSE THINGS YOU ARE STUDYING ARE GOING TOWARD A 491 00:28:09,090 --> 00:28:10,880 FUTURE TRIP TO MARS? 492 00:28:10,880 --> 00:28:16,110 >> WE HOPE TO GO TO MARS, IT WILL BE CHALLENGING WE CAN GET 493 00:28:16,110 --> 00:28:20,560 PROBES TO MARS BUT TO GET HUMANS TO MARS TELL BE A CHALLENGE AND 494 00:28:20,560 --> 00:28:22,960 WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE AFFECT EVEREFFECTS. 495 00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:25,370 >> THANK YOU. 496 00:28:25,370 --> 00:28:27,780 >> SURE. 497 00:28:27,780 --> 00:28:31,290 >> THAT'S ALL THE TIME WE HAVE AND THANK YOU FOR JOINING US. 498 00:28:31,290 --> 00:28:34,440 WE WANT TO THANK OUR SPONSOR, NASA. 499 00:28:34,440 --> 00:28:40,809 NEXT MONTH WE WILL LOOK AT THE WRIGHT BROTHERS, CHECK THIS OUT. 500 00:28:40,809 --> 00:28:44,200 >> THIS IS A WRIGHT BAT SIMILAR TO WHAT THE WRIGHT BROTHER'S 501 00:28:44,200 --> 00:28:47,480 FATHER GAVE THEM THAT SPARKED THEIR INTEREST IN AVIATION THAT 502 00:28:47,480 --> 00:28:49,990 LEAD THEM TO INVENT THIS. 503 00:28:49,990 --> 00:28:56,429 THE WRIGHT FLYER NOT JUST THAT SPARK IT WAS A LOT OF DESIGN AND 504 00:28:56,429 --> 00:28:57,720 A LOT OF MATH. 505 00:28:57,720 --> 00:29:01,250 THEY DID A LOT OF AERODYNAMIC TESTING AND REFINEMENT OF THE 506 00:29:01,250 --> 00:29:05,440 WIND TUNNEL THOO THAT LEAD THEM TO THIS INVENTION. 507 00:29:05,440 --> 00:29:10,809 IF YOU WANT TO LEARN ABOUT IT CHECK OUT. 508 00:29:10,809 --> 00:29:16,840 "STEM IN 30". 509 00:29:16,840 --> 00:29:17,840 >> THANKS FOR JOINING US. 510 00:29:17,840 --> 00:29:21,179 WE WILL BE AROUND FOR A COUPLE MORE MINUTES PUWANT TO JOIN US 511 00:29:21,179 --> 00:29:23,880 AFTER THE PROGRAM AND HERE TO ANSWER QUESTIONS.